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Pastoral care of the sick and dying 1700-1900. Historical forms, topics, approaches.
DUDA, Zdeněk
The topic of the thesis is the issue of spiritual care of the ill and the dying at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries. It is studied in the context of the reform of theological studies and the introduction of pastoral theology as a university discipline. The care of the ill and dying at that time was profiled as one of the most significant and important sphere of the activities of the spiritual shepherd as the only subject of pastoral care. The aim of the thesis is to describe the basic contents of the the spiritual care of the ill and the dying, based on the analysis of the first study texts of the subject of pastoral theology and the context in which they were written. It is focused on the basic points of departure, procedures and forms of spiritual care of the ill and the dying, which were as ideal and obligatory presented in the university teaching to future Catholic spiritual shepherds. At the same time, the relevant period notions of illness, death, (sacrament) of the last anointing, as well as the desired preparation for (good) death are also thematized. The main source are the first textbooks of the new university discipline of pastoral theology. The thesis is based primarily on two or rather three study texts, which received wider use in the Czech milieu.
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Enlightenment on the Apennine Peninsula Shown on the Example of Cesare Beccaria and Antonio Genovesi
Argalášová, Marta ; Helan, Pavel (advisor) ; Čaplyginová, Olga (referee)
The subject of this bachelor thesis is the Enlightenment on the Apennine Peninsula. Its introductory part focuses on the characteristics of Enlightenment as a movement, it tracks the Enlightenment's beginnings, its development and its essential figures. After this part follows a description of the situation in the eighteenth century and the enlightened reforms that took place in the area of the Apennine Peninsula. In the two subsequent parts the thesis focuses on two particular personages of the Italian Englightenment, Cesare Beccaria and Antonio Genovesi, on their lives, their philosophy and thein main works, and also on the influence that they had on the future generation of reformers.
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The Concept of Autonomy : (conditions of modern subjectivity and historicity of the concept of law)
Janoščík, Václav ; Kühn, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Maršálek, Pavel (referee)
of the diploma thesis Janoščík Václav The Concept of Autonomy (Conditions of modern subjectivity, of the concept of law and of historicity) Submitted thesis aims at articulation of the concept of autonomy in its complexity. At first it pursues specific contexts of the notion to arrive at its structure. At first we try to explore prospective of analytical philosophy of law to situate the concept of autonomy to the heart of the idea of law. This efforts unfolds itself by an unorthodox interpretation of natural right theory of Herbert Hart's early work. Second chapter discusses the framework of the philosophy of history, that are based on the idea of an autonomous subject. Seemingly paradoxical linkage of Heidegger's fundamental ontology and Kosík's dialectics of the particular articulates the historical function of the autonomy. Next chapter connects Kosík with Cornelius Castoriadis in the perspective of social theories. Also in their normative core we can identify our notion of autonomy. Fourth chapter follows the theory of disenchantment of the world of Marcel Gauchet. We reformulate it as a realization of the ideal of autonomous subject in order to contextualize the concept historically. Last topic of the first part is the framework of the intellectual history. Here we situate Dieter Henrich and...
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Search of happiness in Voltaire's novels
Pokšteflová, Marie ; Pohorský, Aleš (advisor) ; Jamek, Václav (referee)
My diploma thesis called Search of happiness in Voltaire's novels aims to analyse the theme of happiness in prose works Micromegas, L'Ingénu, Zadig and Candide. The analysis is preceded by an introduction showing the evolution of the theme of happiness through different historical periods. This theoretical part is also followed by a definition of philosophical novel as a typical Voltaire's way of expressing his philosophical thoughts. The analysis itself underlines common points of view found in the novels which all describe a world full of evil, disasters and misfortune. Good and honest heroes enter into this bad world and they struggle to find their place in the sun. Their nice personalities present a big contrast to the merciless world which surrounds them. The analysed examples from novels highlight major problems in Voltaire's time but a lot of parallels are found in today's world. I systematically pay attention to these parallels throughout the diploma. The analysis leads to the description of incorrigibly bad world, where only small islands of happiness can be found represented by friendship and love. We can only deal with such a life thanks to a meaningful activity which can make it bearable. The philosopher's approach to the theme which still captures people's attention is evaluated in the...
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Enlightement's critique of religion and its conditions
Haasová, Jana ; Rybák, David (advisor) ; Hogenová, Anna (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is predominantly a summary of the thought paradigm in relation to religion as portrayed by Enlightenment thinkers such as Voltaire, Paul Heinrich Dietrich, Baron d'Holbach, Julien Offray de La Metrie, Denis Diderot or Claude Adrien Helvétius. Also included is a contextualization of the period as well as the prerequisites of the Enlightenment thought, which precede the actual analysis of the works of Enlightenment thinkers. The prerequisites shall be understood as the philosophical works of John Locke and René Descartes. These philosophers, however conceptually different, have greatly influenced the whole Enlightenment movement. The thesis also examines the ways in which have the Enlightenment thinkers and philosophy influenced modern society's thinking.
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